VPN (Virtual Private Network) protocols are a set of rules that define how a VPN works. Protocols do all the hidden work: authorization, authentication, encryption, traffic capturing, and transportation. So you can get a smooth VPN connection.
VPN protocols mask your data so you can browse websites, use social media, or do just about anything else online. How well the protocol performs depends on how well a VPN provider has established its infrastructure.
VPN providers can also boost protocols with various benefits, like VPN obfuscation and GPS spoofing.